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Bailed-out banks are ripping us off

Published 19 March 2010 in Make good property decisions

Lloyds and the other struggling banks were given £185bn in bailouts - and they’ve repaid the favour by charging steep premiums for mortgages

This week, Lloyds surprised most of the business world by announcing it expected a return to profits in 2010.

The lender said its performance so far this year had been 'strong' - no wonder, as it, along with all of the other bailed-out banks, has been ripping us off.

Quids in for the banks

The fact is, big banks haven’t done too badly out of this credit crisis. Under its special liquidity scheme, the Bank of England lent struggling financial institutions some £185bn between April 2008 and January 2009.

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The money allowed the institutions to write-off toxic debts and massive losses in exchange for continued lending - but it appears our banks are more interested in repaying the Government than helping keep the mortgage market afloat.

Between March 2009 and March 2010 the average level on interest charged on two-year tracker mortgages fell by just 0.05% - and the average cost of a two-year fixed-rate deal actually rose by 0.16% to hit 3.92%.   

And it’s the State-backed banks - like Lloyds - who have squeezed borrowers most of all.

New figures from financial analysts Moneyfacts show that Lloyds, Royal Bank of Scotland and HBOS have all increased their margins on mortgage lending over the past year.

How rates have risen

The survey of prices for two-year fixed rate mortgage deals shows how lenders such as Lloyds TSB-owned Cheltenham and Gloucester, Halifax and Northern Rock have struggled to meet the grade compared to the market average.

Between March 2009 and March 2010 two-year deals from all three lenders were priced well above the average for deals requiring a 25% deposit. March 2009 saw Halifax - part of the Lloyds Group, remember - hit borrowers with a premium above a full percentage point of 5.48% when the market average was just 4.30%. Today, the Halifax rate is 4.27%, just above the market average of 4.19%.

3 easy ways to reduce how much you pay

Lloyds TSB-owned C&G, meanwhile, has extended the margin it charges over the course of the year. In March 2009, it charged 4.42% - 0.12% above the average - but today its two-year fix at 4.57% represents a premium of 0.38%. Northern Rock - 100%-owned by the taxpayer – held its rates well above average for 11 of the past 12 months, peaking at 5.04% during August 2009, when the average two-year fix was just 4.68%. 

Some of these premiums can be explained - stricter rules for building societies over funding and capital reserves imposed after the credit crunch have made it harder for building societies like Nationwide to compete. Rules governing the balance sheets of state-owned banks have also made it harder for them to appease the Government by extending lending.

Even so, with interest rates at near-zero and the two-year index of ‘swop rates’ - the rate at which banks lend to one another - falling from 2.56% to 1.55% during the course of the year, it’s clear that banks of all stripes are enjoying increased returns on mortgage lending.

Analysis in one national report found that Royal Bank of Scotland has widened its mortgage profit margins in the past year from 2.54 percentage points to 3.02 points - that’s an additional £960 a year on a £200,000 home loan. 

And increasing profit margins is not what the big banks promised the Government at the time of the bail-out...

Where to find better deals

Fortunately, low interest rates have helped inject some competition between certain mortgage providers - particularly since the turn of the year. Be aware that these rates will only be available to those borrowers with healthy credit ratings - and that you can check the status of your credit report with a free trial from reference agency Experian.

There could be a massive mortgage famine in 2012.

If you want the peace of mind a fixed-rate mortgage with fixed monthly repayments offers, the Yorkshire Building Society currently tops the best buy tables. Its two-year fix is priced at 3.09% - but be aware that you’ll need a 40% deposit to qualify and that it comes with a hefty £1,195 arrangement fee. Elsewhere, the Co-operative is offering a two-year fix at 3.19%. The loan, which is available through both The Co-operative Bank and Britannia, is available with at least a 25% deposit with a £999 fee.

If you don’t want to pay an upfront arrangement fee, First Direct offers a two-year fix at 3.69% for borrowers with a deposit of at least 35%. 

My favourite base rate tracker deals are First Direct’s 2.39% tracker deal which again requires a deposit of at least 35% and has a £499 fee, and the HSBC Base +2.09% offer, available for two years with a minimum 40% deposit.

For those wanting to borrow a larger sum, Santander offers an alternative two-year tracker at 3.25% for a minimum 20% deposit and Yorkshire has a two-year tracker currently available at 3.79% on a minimum deposit of just 15%.

What next for Lloyds

Despite this extra competition, the hope has to be that a return to profit will see Lloyds, and the rest of the banks that are backed with our money, cutting their products to fairer levels. It's one thing for Lloyds to return to the black, but they are doing it at our expense.

More: Five ways to make thousands from your home! | The street where homes cost £7m!

At lovemoney.com, you can research all the best deals yourself using our online mortgage service, or speak directly to a whole-of-market, fee-free lovemoney.com broker. Call 0800 804 4045 or email mortgages@lovemoney.com for more help.

This article aims to give information, not advice. Always do your own research and/or seek out advice from an FSA-regulated broker (such as one of our brokers here at lovemoney.com), before acting on anything contained in this article. 

Finally, we tend to only give the initial rate of a deal in our articles, but any deal which lasts for a shorter period than your mortgage term will revert to the lender's standard variable rate when the deal ends. Before you take out a deal, you should always try to find out from your lender what its standard variable rate is and how it will be determined in the future. Make sure you take all this information into account when comparing different deals.

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Comments

Rich250 said

  • 0 recommendations

Everything I see about bailed out or state owned banks completely ignores Bradford & Bingley.  Is there a reason for this? 

Swarbs said

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Rich, that's because Bradford and Bingley is effectively being wound up by the government - all their retail branches and savings accounts were sold to Santander and B&B isn't taking any more customers as far as I know. The government is just waiting until all mortgages are repaid or remortgaged and all insurance contracts run out and then I gues B&B will just cease to exist.

Mark, when you say ripping 'us' off, you are only referring to 'us' as the customer. 'Us' as the taxpayer will benefit from the high prices and higher profits - it'll push the share price up and we'll get more of our money back. I use 'us' in a very loose definition of the word of course, as someone who no longer pays tax in the UK, but the principle's the same.

In fact, I would say that Lloyds is doing what any other business would do in the same situation - fulfilling the wishes of its shareholders. The government, as majority shareholder, wants as much of its money back as soon as possible. Lloyds is obliging through a classic 'skimming' tactic. In a market with more demand than supply (the current mortgage market), the business sets prices higher and so only takes the customers most willing to pay. So if Lloyds has £200 billion to lend, it sets its rates so it only just lends this £200 billion - from their point of view there's no point setting rates lower, just to attract customers that it can't supply. You make the classic non economist mistake of thinking that businesses should prioritise their customers - free market businesses should always prioritise the demands of their owners. Usually, giving the customers what they want also gives the owners what they want, but not when the market is a messed up as this.

Mark Adams said

  • 0 recommendations

@Swarbs - I did point out that Nationwide for one practically has their hands tied in the current mortgage market because of new funding requirements - which means that they can't subsidise home loan deals like before. But I still think that the part state-owned banks have a requirement to keep lending going.

Even so, yesterday's announcement that Lloyds will return to profit in the next financial year suggests that 'we' will get some money back - if the next Government handles the sale correctly - and there's no guarantee of that!

Swarbs said

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@Mark - I guess it depends what you define as keeping lending going. Keeping it going at 2007 rates would be a recipe for disaster in the current climate. If anything, I would argue that lending should be rationed for a while, to ensure the general public doesn't revert to the bad old habits of buying on the never never. In the current situation, government and bank efforts would be better directed at helping small businesses get the start up capital they need, than subsidising short term unproductive home ownership.

And let's be honest, Labour's demand that the bailed out banks return to lending was never about what was best for the economy or the people. It was to help the country get out of recession before the election, to give Labour a chance of winning, or preventing a Conservative majority.

JingleBell said

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Swarbs ... couldn't agree more. Keeping lending going in the style of the past 10 years is not what we want (by either definition of we or us !). If a product is over-priced with a specific supplier, then we are free to go elsewhere to buy it. If you can't go elsewhere because you don't have the deposit elsewhere requires, the earnings multiples that elsewhere demands or the spare cash to pay the arrangement fee elsewhere charges... then maybe, just maybe... you can't afford the product in the first place.  

Lending will get going when people (personal and business borrowers of which I am both), get realistic about how much leverage is healthy. The banks rightly got, and continue to get, a kicking for their bad behaviour. We (us) demanded they show restraint, and exercise responsible lending practices. Now we see people getting upset that we haven't returned to the old days of 95% loans at ridiculous margins.  We have to change our behaviour as well as the banks for the sake of 'us'.

 

eLJay said

  • 2 recommendations

The Banks are not proping up the Property Markets!

GOOD! It was the major problem with the economy. Let it crash!

Crawford said

  • 0 recommendations

Nice of you to include:

"Even so, with interest rates at near-zero and the two-year index of ‘swop rates’ - the rate at which banks lend to one another - falling from 2.56% to 1.55% during the course of the year, it’s clear that banks of all stripes are enjoying increased returns on mortgage lending."

at the end of your article.  A general gripe at the banks for using free money to restore their bank balances wouldn't play well in a cheap tabloid-style "let's bash the nationalised banks" article, would it?  And given that Lovemoney articles increasingly appear to be designed as business-generators for various financial institutions, that wouldn't do at all, would it?

As Swarbs mentions, a profitable Lloyds is good news for taxpayers if not for customers.  Given your style, no doubt if Lloyds took it's sweet time to return to profitability you would relish a similar tabloid-style rant over the burden on the taxpayer that Lloyds had become?

damicol said

  • 0 recommendations

As someone who is not only a Lloyds customer but also a shareholder, I am very very happy that Lloyds is following the path it is doing.

If broon hadnt twisted Lllods arm over HBOS and effectivly interfered in a private company by a govt and forced Llloyds shareholders to lose so much then its unlikely Lloyds would have needed bailing out in the first place.

I consider that as an unwarranted and criminal act on behalf of broon and deprived shareholders of value.

As far as im concerned and im sure i speak for many shareholders, the quicker the bank  gets this horrendous marxist govt out of its shareholding the better, and then I fervently hope Lloyds moves its corporate headquarters offshore  and minimises its future tax liability to this stupid inept govt forever, and that way shareholders might get some redress to the massive theft of thier value by broon.

Savvy chic said

  • 0 recommendations

I dunno what you've got against Lloyds TSB. This group did not need any Government bail-out from the taxpayers - it had a very prudent Chief Exec. - until Gordon Brown forced it into buying the toxic HBoS.

  • 0 recommendations

British Bankers' Association here. The economics of banking have changed completely: the easy credit era ended in summer 2007 and the credit crunch. It costs banks more to offer mortgages today than at any point in the last 10 years.

Although the banks still fund their activities using a mix of customer deposits and wholesale money, the proportions have changed: banks are now required to put more customer deposits in the mix. The result of this is that the cost of attracting those deposits from savers (typically two to three per cent over the base rate) now exerts a much greater influence than the Bank of England on the cost of mortgages and loans.

Other significant factors are making borrowing comparatively costly for banks:

no bank can borrow money for free; nor can it borrow money at the current Bank of England base rate (0.5 per cent).  Borrowing from the Bank of England is normally conducted at the base rate plus another one per cent or more, depending on how the Bank sees the risk it is assuming;

nor can all banks can borrow money cheaply on the wholesale money markets. Some banks face much higher rates to reflect the increased risks that they face;

the securitisation market, which enabled banks to convert parts of their mortgage book into attractive financial products for big investors, so providing more cash for new mortgages, has all but dried up. This is due to the knock-on uncertainty about their exposure to US subprime mortgages. The US subprime problem was one of the root causes of the worldwide credit crunch;

British banks are now required to hold more than twice the capital than the international standards require and twice what they were holding before the credit crunch.  Therefore this money cannot be used to support new lending to home buyers and to businesses;in the recession more people are defaulting on their mortgage payments so the lending risk has gone up; and

the banks are also committed to paying bank the money they borrowed from the Government in autumn 2008 under the financial stability package.

Banks are returning to the old business models of the late 20th century, when mortgage borrowers were required to build up deposits, for instance, or offer greater security against the amounts they borrowed. This is because the banks are now required to do this too: they now must hold greater amounts of capital against the amounts they themselves borrow on the wholesale money markets.

  • 0 recommendations

@ Savvy chic

"[Lloyds TSB] This group did not need any Government bail-out from the taxpayers - it had a very prudent Chief Exec."

Prudent? As in Gorgon prudent? If so then you're right on.

The groups then Chief Exec (Eric Daniels if I remember correctly) took on all of HBOS's business and liabilities without first exercising what I and many others would call due diligence (such as looking at what your being exposed to first). Presumeably he did this because he wanted a knighthood and what better way to get it then to help out your old pal Gorgon Brown? Anyway by doing this he exposed his business to serious risk and the rest, as they say is history.

BritishBankers said

"Banks are returning to the old business models of the late 20th century, when mortgage borrowers were required to build up deposits, for instance, or offer greater security against the amounts they borrowed."

This is excellent news and these measures have been needed for a long time.

Banks perform major structural services in a modern economy/society and by being more prudent and reducing their liabilities we should hopefully have a more stable society.

@ Swarbs

Good to see you're still around. Any chance of completing this argument or do you agree with me that BTL is wrong?

nickpike said

  • 0 recommendations

To take out a mortgage now is madness, and so is any other debt.

atseyes1 said

  • 1 recommendation

'... it appears our banks are more interested in repaying the Government than helping keep the mortgage market afloat.'

surely this exactly what they should be doing - what any individual debtor needs to do - pay off the debt as quickly as possible, and stop doing what got him/her/the banks into trouble in the first place.

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