By population, Nairobi is the smallest city on this list at 5.2 million people in 2022. However, the capital of Kenya is expected to double its population over the next few decades making it one of the fastest growing cities in the world. Its central location with road, rail and air connections across the African continent, have made it a hotspot for finance, commerce and international diplomacy. The city generates around 45% of national GDP, and foreign investors have poured money into Nairobi’s rapid urbanisation.

That said, new infrastructure and development have not been beneficial for all residents. It’s estimated as much as half of Nairobi still lives in informal settlements and these neighbourhoods are likely to absorb much of the forthcoming population growth.