As China struggles, the mighty US economy is now set to reign supreme as the global leader through 2040. Strong consumer spending and heavy investment in artificial intelligence have supported growth, although higher tariffs, weaker confidence and rising borrowing costs have created pressures. Government debt also remains a major concern.

While the US is expected to retain its lofty position, its longer-term growth prospects have been revised down. It remains to be seen how significantly the nation's ongoing war with Iran will contribute to its standing in the years to come.

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Countries that will rule the world in 2040