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29 notorious despots accused of plundering billions

29 leaders who lived in luxury while their people starved
Joseph Estrada, Philippines: $121 million (£98.5m)
Charles Taylor, Liberia: up to $170 million (£138m)
Idi Amin, Uganda: at least $170 million (£138m)
Arnoldo Aléman, Nicaragua: $174 million (£141m)
Pavlo Lazarenko, Ukraine: $390 million (£316m)
Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Kyrgyzstan: up to $432 million (£350m)
Jean-Bédel Bokassa, Central African Republic: $734 million (£595m)
Alberto Fujimori, Peru: up to $1.1 billion (£893m)
Yahya Jammeh, Gambia: $1.2 billion (£970m)
Fidel Castro, Cuba: $1.4 billion (£1.1bn)
Bashar al-Assad, Syria: at least $2 billion (£1.6bn)
Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haiti: up to $2.3 billion (£1.9bn)
Nicolae Ceaușescu, Romania: $2.5 billion (£2bn)
Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe: $3.2 billion (£2.6bn)
Daniel Arap Moi, Kenya: $3.6 billion (£2.9bn)
Saparmurat Niyazov, Turkmenistan: $4.5 billion (£3.7bn)
Kim Jong Il, North Korea: $5.6 billion (£4.5bn)
Sani Abacha, Nigeria: up to $7.7 billion (£6.2bn)
Slobodan Milošević, Serbia: up to $7.8 billion (£6.3bn)
Mobutu Sese Seko, Zaire: $9.7 billion (£7.9bn)
Omar Al-Bashir, Sudan: $12.9 billion (£10.5bn)
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Tunisia: $13.9 billion (£11.3bn)
Ferdinand Marcos, Philippines: up to $28.6 billion (£23.2bn)
Suharto, Indonesia: up to $67 billion (£54bn)
Saddam Hussein, Iraq: up to $68.2 billion (£55.3bn)
Ali Abdullah Saleh, Yemen: up to $87.4 billion (£70.8bn)
Viktor Yanukovych, Ukraine: up to $92.8 billion (£75.2bn)
Hosni Mubarak, Egypt: up to $97.6 billion (£79.1bn)
Muammar Gaddafi, Libya: up to $279 billion (£226bn)
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Sven Creutzmann/Mambo Photography/Getty Images

29 leaders who lived in luxury while their people starved

Engaging in theft on the grandest scale, some of the world's most corrupt modern leaders have shamelessly looted their nations' treasuries to fund a life of luxury while their impoverished citizens struggled to make ends meet.

From African despots to Eastern European tyrants, read on to discover 29 of the most notorious rulers ranked in order of the total wealth they reportedly stole.

All dollars amounts in US dollars unless otherwise stated. Figures have been adjusted for inflation.

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Daniel Coughlin

27 January 2025

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