Business leaders have entered 2026 in a world that feels more fragile and unpredictable than at any point in a generation. From geopolitical fractures and cyber threats to potential AI dangers, the pressure points facing the planet's bosses are multiplying fast.

With contingency planning more crucial than ever, read on to discover the 10 critical vulnerabilities top execs are worrying about most this year, according to the CEOWORLD Boardroom Risk Index 2026.

While not as critical as during the pandemic years, the world's supply chains remain highly vulnerable to disruption, whether from trade tensions, sanctions, regional conflicts, extreme weather or sudden political shocks.

For many global companies, long and complex logistics networks still leave little room for error. That’s why CEOs are increasingly reshoring and 'friend-shoring' production, stress-testing suppliers and shipping routes, and building in backups to avoid costly shutdowns and empty shelves when the next surprise hits.

Companies have been racing to digitise, modernise systems and roll out AI, splurging on new tech and infrastructure. Cloud services, cybersecurity, data centres and software subscriptions are becoming a permanent drain on budgets rather than one-off investments, with worries that AI won't pay off especially widespread.

It's little wonder that these skyrocketing tech and infrastructure costs are bearing so heavily on CEOs' minds.

For global firms, keeping up with regulation has become a full-time challenge. Different countries and trading blocs are rolling out new rules on everything from data privacy to climate reporting and worker protections, often at different speeds and in conflicting ways.

That leaves CEOs navigating a patchwork of laws that can change from one market to the next, proving a major planning headache.

Governments and companies alike are carrying heavier debt loads than they did before the pandemic, and the era of cheap money seems a distant memory. For CEOs, that means higher borrowing costs, tighter credit and more pressure on cash flow.

Currency swings and shaky public finances in some markets add another layer of risk, especially for firms operating across borders.

As regional conflicts flare and tensions rise between major powers, the global map is becoming more fractured. For multinational companies, this can spell sudden trade barriers, restricted market access and higher insurance and security costs.

Operating in one country can now carry consequences in another, as alliances and sanctions ripple across borders.

With hurricanes, heatwaves, wildfires and other extreme events becoming more intense and frequent, businesses are being forced to take climate risks far more seriously and build ever more detailed contingency plans.

Still, despite being widely seen as a long-term, existential threat, climate change is only the fifth most pressing concern for CEOs around the world in 2026.

CEOs are investing heavily in AI, but they worry about moving too fast without a safety net. The main challenges are making sure systems act fairly and ethically, fixing messy internal data so the technology actually works, and navigating unclear or shifting government rules.

Basically, business leaders are trying to embrace the future without stumbling into financial, technical or legal trouble along the way.

As companies become more digital and dependent on AI, the danger from hackers is growing at an alarming pace. A staggering 79% of CEOs now cite cyber risk as the top threat to growth, reflecting fears over ransomware, data breaches and attacks on critical systems.

What was once seen as an IT issue is now a board-level concern, with reputational damage, regulatory penalties and costly operational shutdowns all on the line if defences fail.

Rivalry between the world's major powers is increasingly spilling into boardroom strategy. Under renewed pressure from Washington and President Trump's America First agenda, tensions between the US, China and the EU are reshaping trade rules, technology access and investment flows, forcing CEOs to rethink where they source, sell and build.

Tariffs, export controls and political pressure can now change the economics of an entire market overnight, making long-term planning far harder for companies with global footprints.

At the top of the risk list is a simple but far-reaching fear: a lack of confidence about where the global economy is heading next. This extreme uncertainty has left CEOs cautious about hiring, investment and expansion.

With forecasts shifting quickly and financial markets prone to sudden swings, the world's business leaders are finding their crystal balls increasingly clouded.

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